1 Surviving in SAP Projects

17

1.1 Why Are SAP Implementations So Difficult?

17

1.2 Levels of Preparation Required

20

1.3 What this Book Will Do for You

22

1.4 Factors Critical to Success

23

1.5 How the Book Will Be Organized

26

2 How an SAP Implementation Changes Business

29

2.1 Modifying Major Business Processes

31

2.1.1 Process Standardization

32

2.1.2 Process Simplification

33

2.1.3 Process Automation

34

2.2 Building New Skills in the Project Team

36

2.3 Transforming SAP into a Company Asset

39

3 The ASAP Methodology

43

3.1 ASAP Components

45

3.2 Phase One: Project Preparation

50

3.3 Phase Two: Business Blueprint

52

3.4 Phase Three: Realization

54

3.5 Phase Four: Final Preparation

56

3.6 Phase Five: Go-Live and Support

58

3.7 Quality Gates

60

4 Types of SAP Projects

63

4.1 Full-Scale Implementation Projects

65

4.1.1 Greenfield Deployment

66

4.1.2 Carveout

68

4.1.3 System Replacement

71

4.2 Upgrade Projects

73

4.2.1 Support Pack

73

4.2.2 Enhancement Pack

75

4.2.3 Version Upgrade

79

4.3 Pre-Built Package Projects

82

4.3.1 SAP Business One

82

4.3.2 SAP Business One Starter Package

85

4.3.3 Rapid Deployment Solutions

86

5 Start-Up Logistics

89

5.1 Project Preparation Timeline

90

5.2 Project Meeting Schedules

92

5.3 Headcount Forecasting and Ramp-Up Planning

96

5.4 Initial Planning for Integrator Selection

99

5.5 Project Procurement

108

5.6 Space Planning for Project Activities

112

5.7 Preliminary Project Budgeting

113

6 Systems Integrator Selection and Contracting

117

6.1 Integrator Selection

118

6.1.1 Initial Integrator Identification and Information Gathering

119

6.1.2 Request for Proposal

121

6.1.3 Reviewing RFP Responses

123

6.1.4 First Cut Integrator Presentations

125

6.1.5 Final Selection

126

6.2 Integrator Contracting

127

6.2.1 Types of Contracts

128

6.2.2 Contract Structure and Contents

129

6.2.3 Change Control

138

6.3 Integrator Onboarding

139

7 SAP’s Role in the Project

141

7.1 Consultant Resources

142

7.2 Custom Development

144

7.3 Software Fixes

147

7.4 Training

149

7.4.1 Awareness Training

149

7.4.2 Overview Sessions

150

7.4.3 End-User System Training

151

7.4.4 Change Management Training

152

7.5 Technical Services

154

7.6 Value Management

158

8 Project Planning

163

8.1 Defining the Project Schedule

164

8.1.1 Project Complexity Factors

164

8.1.2 Determining Overall Project Complexity

170

8.1.3 Choosing a Deployment Approach

172

8.1.4 Building the Implementation Wave Framework

173

8.2 Setting Top-Level Requirements

175

8.3 Achieving Cost Savings

178

9 Knowledge Management

183

9.1 Documentation

184

9.2 Knowledge Management Strategy

187

9.2.1 SAP Solution Manager

188

9.2.2 Collaboration Applications

192

9.2.3 Specialized Document Applications

196

10 Project Organization

199

10.1 High-Level Project Organization

200

10.1.1 Functionally Organized Project Organizations

200

10.1.2 IT-Led Project Organization

203

10.1.3 Matrix-Led Project Organizations

204

10.2 Program Management

206

10.3 Functional Workstream Leads

210

10.4 Horizontal Workstreams

214

11 Project Governance

219

11.1 Project Charter

220

11.1.1 Project Description

221

11.1.2 Project Plan Summary

222

11.1.3 Roles and Responsibilities

224

11.2 Oversight and Guidance

229

11.3 Risk Management

231

11.4 Team Rewards and Recognition

237

12 Building the Right Project Team

241

12.1 Team Recruitment and Selection

243

12.2 Onboarding the Project Team

249

12.2.1 Team Logistics

250

12.2.2 Bringing on the Project Team

254

12.3 Delivering Project Results

255

12.4 Roll-Off and Reintegration

257

13 Business Blueprinting

261

13.1 Blueprinting Sessions

262

13.1.1 Kick-Off and Session One

265

13.1.2 Sessions Two and Three

271

13.2 Design Documentation

277

13.2.1 Process Definition Documents

277

13.2.2 Change Management Initiation

279

13.2.3 Process Flows and Process Steps

280

13.2.4 Business Controls Identification

282

13.2.5 Managing the Documentation Process

284

13.3 Localization

288

13.4 Closing the Business Blueprinting Phase

291

14 Realization

293

14.1 Transition to Realization

295

14.1.1 Realization Project Plan

295

14.1.2 Realization Kick-Off

298

14.1.3 Realization Handbook

301

14.2 Organizing for Realization

304

14.2.1 Workstream Management

304

14.2.2 Regional and Site Responsibilities

306

14.3 Project Management

310

14.3.1 Status Reporting and Performance Metrics

311

14.3.2 Deliverables Tracking and Milestone Recognition

315

14.3.3 Risk Management

317

14.3.4 Resourcing

321

15 Configuration and Custom Objects Build

327

15.1 Configuration and Custom Development

329

15.1.1 Configuration

330

15.1.2 Custom Object Development

337

15.1.3 String Testing

341

15.2 Security Design

341

15.2.1 SAP Roles

343

15.2.2 Data Level Security

346

15.2.3 Company Policy Assessment

347

16 Systems Testing

355

16.1 Structure of Systems Testing

356

16.2 Systems Testing Processes

361

16.2.1 Test Planning

361

16.2.2 Script Execution

362

16.2.3 Test Metrics

363

16.2.4 Defect Processing

365

16.2.5 Mega-Scenarios

370

16.2.6 Regression Testing

372

16.3 Using Testing Systems

372

16.4 Systems Test Entrance and Exit Criteria

374

17 Data, Reports, EDI, and Security and Internal Controls

379

17.1 Data

380

17.1.1 Data Types

381

17.1.2 Data Cleansing and Conversion

383

17.1.3 Data Governance

389

17.2 Reports

391

17.2.1 Corporate-Level Reports

395

17.2.2 Key Performance Indicators

397

17.3 Electronic Data Interchange

400

17.3.1 EDI Structure

401

17.3.2 EDI Project Deliverables

404

17.4 Security and Internal Controls

407

17.4.1 Internal Controls Analysis

409

17.4.2 Role Mapping and End-User Training

412

18 Building System Environments

417

18.1 The SAP Landscape

419

18.2 Environment and Client Structure

422

18.3 Infrastructure Build and Test

431

18.4 Performance and Failover Testing

434

19 Change Management

439

19.1 Business Transformation

440

19.2 Change Impacts

442

19.3 Stakeholder Management

452

19.4 Organizational Design

456

19.5 Project Communication

459

20 Continuous User Training

463

20.1 Course Development

465

20.1.1 Delivery Methods

466

20.1.2 Content Types

468

20.1.3 Course Organization

470

20.1.4 Development Tools

473

20.2 Trainer Preparation

474

20.3 Training Delivery Logistics

476

20.3.1 Translation of Training Materials

477

20.3.2 Course Scheduling

478

20.3.3 Logistics Tools

481

20.4 Post-Go-Live Processes

482

21 Cutover Planning

485

21.1 Cutover Processes

488

21.1.1 Business Preparation

489

21.1.2 Data Load and Verification

492

21.1.3 User Training

494

21.1.4 Cutover Communication

496

21.2 Go-Live Authorization

497

22 Go-Live and Hypercare

503

22.1 Final Go-Live Processes

503

22.1.1 Continuing Cutover Activities

503

22.1.2 Granting System Access

504

22.1.3 Business Ramp-Up Execution

504

22.2 Hypercare

506

22.2.1 Hypercare Operations

506

22.2.2 Hypercare Exit

523

23 Sustainment

527

23.1 The SAP Center of Excellence

528

23.1.1 COE Organization

529

23.1.2 The COE and the Project Team

535

23.1.3 Staffing the COE

537

23.2 Sustainment Governance

540

23.2.1 Governance Structure

540

23.2.2 Managing COE Workload

544

23.2.3 Critical Success Factors for Sustainment Governance

546

23.3 Continuing Company Projects

546