Inhaltsverzeichnis

Alle Kapitel aufklappen
Alle Kapitel zuklappen
Foreword
21
Preface
23
Target Audience
24
Objective
24
Structure of This Book
24
Acknowledgments
29
1 Introduction to Sourcing and Procurement
31
1.1 Sourcing and Procurement: From Basic to Strategic
31
1.1.1 Sourcing
32
1.1.2 Operational Procurement
33
1.2 Sourcing and Procurement from End to End
35
1.2.1 Ideal Procurement
36
1.2.2 Source-to-Pay and Procure-to-Pay
37
1.2.3 Key Process Areas
37
1.3 Procurement with SAP S/4HANA
40
1.3.1 Multitenant Cloud versus Single-Tenant Environment for ERP Systems
41
1.3.2 Strategic Sourcing
44
1.3.3 Procurement
45
1.3.4 Accounts Payable and Invoicing
47
1.3.5 SAP Fiori Roles and Applications
48
1.4 Summary
49
2 Implementation Options
51
2.1 Implementation Overview
51
2.1.1 Deployment Options
52
2.1.2 Cloud
53
2.1.3 On-Premise
55
2.1.4 New Implementation versus System Conversion
56
2.2 On-Premise SAP S/4HANA
60
2.2.1 Complete Functional Scope
61
2.2.2 Installation
62
2.2.3 Activated Appliance
63
2.2.4 Information Technology Considerations
64
2.2.5 Integration Options
65
2.2.6 System Conversion to SAP S/4HANA
65
2.3 SAP S/4HANA Cloud
69
2.3.1 SAP Best Practices Scope
69
2.3.2 Information Technology Considerations
70
2.3.3 Standard Integration and Customization
71
2.4 SAP Ariba Central Procurement, Private Cloud Edition
71
2.5 Quick Start Approaches and Materials for SAP S/4HANA
74
2.5.1 Prebuilt Content and Templates
74
2.5.2 SAP Best Practices
75
2.5.3 Appliance Model and Enterprise Management Layer
75
2.5.4 SAP Activate
76
2.6 Summary
82
3 Organizational Structure
83
3.1 SAP S/4HANA Enterprise Management Organization Objects
83
3.2 SAP S/4HANA Sourcing and Procurement–Specific Organization Structure Objects
86
3.3 Company Code
87
3.4 Plants
90
3.5 Storage Locations and Warehouses
92
3.5.1 Storage Location
93
3.5.2 Warehouse Creation
95
3.6 Purchasing Organizations
96
3.7 Purchasing Group Creation
100
3.8 Summary
100
4 Master Data
103
4.1 Material Masters and Material Groups
104
4.1.1 Activating a Material Master Field
105
4.1.2 Creating a Material Master
107
4.1.3 Creating a Material Group
109
4.1.4 Lean Services
110
4.1.5 Configuring Lean Services: Product Services Type (SERV)
112
4.1.6 Select Material Master Configuration Options
114
4.1.7 Material Master Field Character Expansion in SAP S/4HANA
114
4.2 Batch Management and Serialization
115
4.2.1 Configuring Batch Numbers
116
4.2.2 Configuring Serial Numbers
117
4.3 SAP S/4HANA Business Partner Model
118
4.3.1 Suppliers as Business Partners
118
4.3.2 Loading Supplier Records in SAP S/4HANA
121
4.3.3 Setting Up the Supplier Master
122
4.3.4 Performing Customer/Vendor Integration
123
4.4 Summary
137
5 Operational Procurement
139
5.1 What Is Operational Procurement?
139
5.2 Self-Service Procurement
143
5.2.1 Creating a Requisition or Shopping Cart in SAP S/4HANA
144
5.2.2 Carbon Footprint Tracking
146
5.2.3 Advanced Intercompany Sales
146
5.2.4 Confirmation and Return Delivery
147
5.2.5 Shopping Cart versus Requisition-to-Pay and Migrating SAP SRM Shopping Carts
151
5.2.6 Workflow
153
5.2.7 Machine Learning–Based Purchasing Functionality via SAP Business Technology Platform
154
5.3 Requirements Processing in SAP S/4HANA Sourcing and Procurement
156
5.4 Purchase Order Processing
159
5.5 Service Purchasing and Service Confirmation
161
5.6 Purchase Order Collaboration
162
5.7 Configuring Operational Procurement
163
5.7.1 Self-Service Procurement Requisitioning
163
5.7.2 Machine Learning–Based Procurement Functionality
173
5.7.3 Requirements Processing
181
5.7.4 Purchase Order Processing
182
5.7.5 Purchase Order Collaboration
182
5.7.6 SAP SuccessFactors
183
5.8 Summary
186
6 Automated and Direct Procurement
187
6.1 What Is Automated and Direct Procurement?
187
6.2 Materials Requirements Planning
190
6.2.1 MRP in SAP ERP versus SAP S/4HANA
191
6.2.2 Predictive MRP
194
6.2.3 SAP Fiori Apps for MRP
195
6.3 Forecasting and Planning
200
6.3.1 Forecast Planning
200
6.3.2 Reorder Point Planning
203
6.3.3 Time-Phased Planning
204
6.3.4 Forecast Collaboration
205
6.4 Contract and Source Determination
207
6.4.1 Purchasing Information Record
208
6.4.2 Source List
209
6.4.3 Quota Arrangement
210
6.4.4 Scheduling Agreement
211
6.4.5 Scheduling Agreement Release Collaboration
213
6.4.6 Blanket Purchase Order
214
6.4.7 Purchase Orders and Multitier Purchase Orders
215
6.4.8 Subcontracting
216
6.4.9 Consignment Stock
220
6.4.10 Consignment Orders
221
6.4.11 Quality Management Collaboration in SAP Business Network Supply Chain Collaboration
222
6.4.12 SAP Supply Base Optimization
223
6.5 Configuring Automated and Direct Procurement
225
6.5.1 Master Data
225
6.5.2 Document Types
225
6.5.3 Forecast Planning
230
6.5.4 Purchase Info Records
230
6.5.5 Source Lists
230
6.5.6 Quota Arrangements
231
6.6 Industry-Focused Solutions for Direct Procurement
231
6.6.1 CATENA-X
231
6.6.2 SAP Enterprise Product Development
232
6.6.3 SAP S/4HANA for Field Equipment and Material Logistics Planning and Execution
233
6.7 Integration with SAP Ariba and SAP Business Network
234
6.8 Summary
235
7 Inventory Management
237
7.1 What Is Inventory Management?
238
7.2 Stock Management in SAP S/4HANA
241
7.2.1 Material Identification
241
7.2.2 Location of the Stock
241
7.2.3 Usability of the Stock
242
7.2.4 Ownership of the Stock
243
7.2.5 Batch Identification
243
7.2.6 Serial Number Identification
244
7.3 Goods Movements
244
7.3.1 Goods Receipts
245
7.3.2 Goods Issues
259
7.3.3 Stock Transfers
262
7.3.4 Transfer Postings
273
7.4 Physical Inventory
274
7.4.1 Create Physical Inventory Documents
277
7.4.2 Schedule Physical Inventory Document Creation
277
7.4.3 Manage Physical Inventory Count
278
7.4.4 Manage Physical Inventory Documents
279
7.4.5 Cycle Counting—Classification
280
7.4.6 SAP GUI for HTML Apps
281
7.5 Reporting in Inventory Management
283
7.5.1 Inventory Overview Pages
283
7.5.2 Goods Movement Reporting Apps
286
7.5.3 Stock Balances Reporting Apps
287
7.5.4 Monitoring Financial Inventory Values Apps
293
7.5.5 Inventory Management Object Pages
295
7.5.6 Inventory Management Analytics
302
7.6 Configuring Inventory Management
307
7.6.1 General Configuration Elements
309
7.6.2 Goods Receipts and Goods Issues
310
7.6.3 Movement Types
313
7.6.4 Stock Transport Orders
319
7.6.5 Physical Inventory
322
7.7 Summary
326
8 Contract and Scheduling Agreement Management
327
8.1 What Is Contract and Scheduling Agreement Management?
328
8.1.1 Types of Purchase Contracts
328
8.1.2 Manage Purchase Contracts
329
8.1.3 Mass Changes to Purchase Contract
333
8.2 Contract Consumption
335
8.2.1 Value Contract Consumption
335
8.2.2 Quantity Contract Consumption
336
8.3 Contract Reporting and Analytics
338
8.3.1 Unused Contracts
338
8.3.2 Off-Contract Spend
339
8.3.3 Contract Leakage
340
8.3.4 Purchase Contract Items by Account Assignment
340
8.3.5 Monitor Purchase Contract Items
341
8.3.6 Contract Expiry
342
8.4 Configuration
343
8.4.1 Configuring Contracts
343
8.4.2 Manage Workflows for Purchase Contracts
347
8.5 Scheduling Agreement
349
8.5.1 Scheduling Agreement Types
349
8.5.2 Managing and Creating Purchase Scheduling Agreements
350
8.5.3 Monitor Purchase Scheduling Agreement Items
354
8.6 Customizing Scheduling Agreements
355
8.6.1 Define Document Types
355
8.6.2 Define Number Ranges for Purchase Scheduling Agreements
356
8.6.3 Allowed Item Categories
356
8.6.4 Maintain Release Creation Profile
357
8.7 Integrating with SAP Ariba Contracts
359
8.8 Summary
360
9 Enterprise Contract Management and Assembly
361
9.1 What Is Enterprise Contract Management and Assembly?
361
9.2 SAP Fiori Apps for Enterprise Contract Management Overview
363
9.2.1 Home Page and Enterprise Contract Management Overview
364
9.2.2 Manage Contexts
367
9.2.3 Categories for Legal Content
369
9.2.4 Manage Legal Documents
369
9.2.5 Manage Legal Tasks
370
9.2.6 Request Legal Contract
370
9.2.7 Manage Legal Transactions
372
9.2.8 Manage Workflow Templates
373
9.3 Customizing Enterprise Contract Management
374
9.3.1 Number Ranges
374
9.3.2 Reminder Types
375
9.3.3 Date Types
375
9.3.4 Internal Contacts
376
9.3.5 Entity Types
377
9.3.6 External Contacts
378
9.3.7 Technical Types for Linked Object Types
378
9.3.8 Linked Object Types
379
9.3.9 Content Types
380
9.3.10 Document Stamps
380
9.3.11 Profiles
381
9.3.12 Document Types
384
9.3.13 Background Job Definitions
389
9.4 Summary
389
10 External Sourcing
391
10.1 Sourcing Strategies
391
10.2 Request for Quotation
393
10.2.1 Sourcing with SAP Ariba Sourcing and SAP Business Network
393
10.2.2 Sourcing with Standalone SAP S/4HANA
394
10.2.3 Quote Automation for Procurement
394
10.2.4 Request for Price
394
10.3 SAP Fiori Apps for External Sourcing
395
10.3.1 Manage Requests for Quotation
396
10.3.2 Create Request for Quotation via the Process Purchase Requisitions App
396
10.3.3 Monitor Request for Quotation Items
398
10.3.4 Compare Supplier Quotations
399
10.3.5 Manage Supplier Quotations
400
10.3.6 Manage Workflows for RFQs
401
10.3.7 Manage Workflows for Supplier Quotation
401
10.3.8 My Inbox
403
10.3.9 Request for Quotation Types
403
10.4 Configuring Request for Quotation
404
10.4.1 Number Ranges
404
10.4.2 Document Types for RFQ
405
10.4.3 Document Types for Supplier Quotation
406
10.4.4 External Processing for Supplier Quotation Process
407
10.4.5 Activate cXML Message Types
408
10.4.6 Credentials and Endpoints
408
10.4.7 Assign Network ID to Company Code
409
10.4.8 Schedule Job
409
10.4.9 Output Parameter Determination and Use
410
10.5 Configuring Flexible Workflow
411
10.5.1 Scenario Activation
411
10.5.2 Register Event for Subsequent Workflow
411
10.5.3 Maintain Task Names and Decision Options
413
10.5.4 Visualization of SAP Business Workflow
414
10.5.5 Scenario Definition
415
10.5.6 Maintain Attribute for Workflow Task
416
10.6 Integration with SAP Ariba
418
10.7 Summary
418
11 Product Sourcing
419
11.1 What Is Product Sourcing?
420
11.2 Product Sourcing
423
11.2.1 Sourcing Project
424
11.2.2 Quotation Evaluation
429
11.2.3 Award Decisions
432
11.3 Procurement Planning
433
11.3.1 Parts Import and Assignment to Projects
434
11.3.2 Milestones and Task Scheduling
435
11.3.3 Parts Bundling per Sourcing Needs
436
11.4 Product Sourcing with Enterprise Contract Management
437
11.5 Product Sourcing and Commodity Pricing Engine
439
11.6 Quotation Management and Supplier Quotations
440
11.7 Mass Price Update
441
11.8 External Collaboration with Suppliers
442
11.8.1 SAP Business Network and Product Sourcing
444
11.8.2 Supplier Portal (Private Network)
444
11.9 Configuration Product Sourcing
445
11.10 Summary
450
12 Invoice and Payables Management
451
12.1 What Are Invoice and Payables Management?
451
12.2 Invoice Processing
452
12.2.1 Supplier Invoice Documents
453
12.2.2 Results of Invoice Processing
454
12.2.3 Types of Supplier Invoice Verification
455
12.2.4 Entry of Invoice Documents
456
12.2.5 Invoice Processing
460
12.2.6 Reporting in Invoice Processing
470
12.2.7 Object Pages
473
12.3 Accounts Payable
477
12.3.1 Supplier Payment Processing
477
12.3.2 Supplier Account Management
488
12.4 Invoice and Payables Management Analytics and Reporting
491
12.4.1 Accounts Payable Overview
492
12.4.2 Aging Analysis
494
12.4.3 Overdue Payables
495
12.4.4 Future Payables
496
12.4.5 Cash Discount Forecast
497
12.4.6 Cash Discount Utilization
498
12.4.7 Days Payable Outstanding
500
12.4.8 Days Payable Outstanding—Indirect Method
501
12.4.9 Invoice Processing Analysis
502
12.4.10 Supplier Payment Analysis (Manual and Automatic Payments)
503
12.4.11 Supplier Payment Analysis (Open Payments)
503
12.5 Configuring Invoice and Payables Management
504
12.5.1 Configuration Elements for Managing Incoming Invoices
505
12.5.2 Configuration Elements for Managing Invoice Blocks
513
12.6 Integrating SAP S/4HANA with SAP Invoice Management by OpenText
520
12.7 SAP Ariba Central Invoice Management for SAP S/4HANA Cloud
521
12.7.1 Upload Supplier Invoices
521
12.7.2 Manage Supplier Invoices Centrally
522
12.8 Taulia: Working Capital Management
522
12.9 Summary
524
13 Supplier Management
525
13.1 What Is Supplier Management?
525
13.1.1 Supplier Discovery, Qualification, and Onboarding
526
13.1.2 Classification and Segmentation
529
13.1.3 Evaluation
530
13.2 Classification and Segmentation
530
13.2.1 Create a Purchasing Category
531
13.2.2 Managing a Purchasing Category
534
13.2.3 Translating a Purchasing Category
534
13.3 Supplier Evaluation
534
13.3.1 Supplier Evaluation Scorecard
537
13.3.2 Individual Supplier Evaluation
537
13.3.3 Supplier Evaluation by Time and Quality
538
13.3.4 Supplier Evaluation by Price
539
13.3.5 Supplier Evaluation by Questionnaire
540
13.3.6 Combined Scorecard
540
13.3.7 Operational Supplier Evaluation
541
13.4 Configuration
542
13.4.1 Supplier and Category Management Configuration
542
13.4.2 Classification and Segmentation
544
13.4.3 Supplier Evaluation Configuration
544
13.5 Summary
546
14 Centralized Procurement
547
14.1 What Is Centralized Procurement?
547
14.2 Central Requisitioning
552
14.3 Central Purchasing
554
14.4 Central Sourcing
558
14.5 Central Purchase Contracts
559
14.6 Central Analytics
561
14.7 Integration with SAP Ariba and SAP Business Network
566
14.8 Configuring SAP Ariba Central Procurement, Private Cloud Edition
568
14.8.1 Prerequisites
569
14.8.2 Establishing Connectivity to ERP Systems
571
14.8.3 Validating Data and Identifying Gaps
576
14.8.4 Configuring SAP Ariba Central Procurement, Private Cloud Edition Scenarios
578
14.8.5 Integrating SAP Ariba Buying for SAP S/4HANA with Central Procurement
591
14.9 Summary
592
15 Sourcing and Procurement Analytics
593
15.1 Spend Visibility
593
15.2 Contract Expiration
596
15.3 Sourcing
597
15.4 Supplier Performance
599
15.4.1 Purchasing Document Reports and Embedded Analytics
600
15.4.2 Predictive Analytics
601
15.5 Reporting
602
15.6 Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence
604
15.7 SAP Ariba Category Management
606
15.8 Configuration
607
15.8.1 Creating a Key Performance Indicator
608
15.8.2 Configuring Real-Time Reporting/Queries
608
15.8.3 Exploring the Virtual Data Model and Core Data Services in SAP S/4HANA
609
15.8.4 Integration of SAP S/4HANA with SAP Analytics Tools
612
15.8.5 Integration with Cloud Applications
613
15.9 Summary
614
16 Integrating SAP S/4HANA with SAP Signavio, SAP Ariba, SAP Business Network, and SAP Fieldglass
617
16.1 SAP Ariba and SAP Business Network Integration Projects and Connectivity Options
618
16.2 SAP Integration Suite, Managed Gateway for Spend Management and SAP Business Network
620
16.2.1 Configuring SAP Integration Suite, Managed Gateway for Spend Management and SAP Business Network
622
16.2.2 SAP Ariba Strategic Sourcing Suite Integration
623
16.2.3 SAP Business Network Commerce Automation
633
16.3 SAP Business Network Supply Chain Collaboration
640
16.3.1 Product Functionality
640
16.3.2 Configuration
646
16.4 SAP Business Network for Logistics
647
16.5 SAP Business Network for Asset Management
650
16.6 SAP Fieldglass
651
16.6.1 Key Technologies
652
16.6.2 Integrating SAP Fieldglass Contingent Workforce Management
653
16.7 SAP SuccessFactors
656
16.7.1 SAP S/4HANA Integration with SAP SuccessFactors Employee Central
656
16.7.2 SAP Cloud Integration with SAP SuccessFactors Employee Central
657
16.8 SAP Signavio
658
16.9 Summary
660
17 Customizing the User Interface
661
17.1 User Interface Options in SAP S/4HANA
661
17.1.1 SAP Fiori
662
17.1.2 SAP GUI
671
17.2 Configuring SAP Fiori
673
17.2.1 Installing SAP Fiori
673
17.2.2 Embedded and Central Hub Deployment for SAP Fiori
674
17.2.3 SAP Fiori Apps Reference Library
674
17.3 Customizing SAP Fiori
679
17.3.1 SAP Fiori Edit Mode
679
17.3.2 SAP Fiori User Settings
680
17.4 Summary
683
18 Conclusion
685
18.1 Future State of Procurement Solutions
688
18.2 Future State of the Procurement Supply Chain
689
The Author
691
Contributors
691
Index
693