Inhaltsverzeichnis

Alle Kapitel aufklappen
Alle Kapitel zuklappen
Preface
25
Who Is This Book For?
25
How Is This Book Organized?
26
Acknowledgments
29
1 The Future of the Basis Administrator
31
1.1 SAP S/4HANA: On-Premise and in the Cloud
32
1.2 RISE with SAP
33
1.2.1 The Intelligent Enterprise
33
1.2.2 Application Management Services
35
1.3 Summary
36
2 Overview of the ABAP Platform
37
2.1 Components of the ABAP Platform
38
2.1.1 SAP System
38
2.1.2 Instances
39
2.2 Client/Server Architecture
42
2.3 Presentation Layer
43
2.3.1 SAP GUI
43
2.3.2 SAP Business Client
49
2.3.3 SAP Fiori
50
2.4 Application Layer
53
2.4.1 Work Processes and the Dispatcher
53
2.4.2 Services Provided by the SAP System
54
2.4.3 Number of Processes
56
2.4.4 Structure of a Work Process
57
2.4.5 Monitoring Processes
59
2.4.6 Instance Memory
59
2.5 Database Layer
60
2.5.1 In-Memory Database
61
2.5.2 Column-Store Database
62
2.5.3 SAP HANA Instances
64
2.5.4 SAP HANA Services
64
2.5.5 SAP HANA Databases
65
2.6 SAP S/4HANA and the Internet
66
2.6.1 Internet Communication Manager
67
2.6.2 Configuring Internet Services
68
2.7 Summary
70
3 Architecture
71
3.1 Component Overview
71
3.2 Dialog Processing
75
3.3 Background Processing
78
3.3.1 Background Jobs
78
3.3.2 Scheduling Background Jobs
88
3.3.3 Monitoring and Troubleshooting
93
3.3.4 Background Job Analysis
98
3.3.5 Troubleshooting the Background Processor
99
3.3.6 Standard Housekeeping
101
3.4 Updating
106
3.4.1 Section Technical Background
106
3.4.2 Configuration
109
3.4.3 Update Load-Balancing
112
3.4.4 Monitoring and Troubleshooting
114
3.4.5 Reorganization
120
3.5 Lock Management
121
3.5.1 Lock Objects
121
3.5.2 Lock Owners
123
3.5.3 Lock Table
124
3.5.4 Configuration
126
3.5.5 Monitoring and Troubleshooting
126
3.6 Output Management
131
3.6.1 Spool Requests and the TemSe Storage Area
132
3.6.2 Printing in SAP
134
3.6.3 Configuring Spool Servers and Spool Processes
135
3.6.4 Configuring Devices
140
3.6.5 Transporting Devices
149
3.6.6 Device Types
150
3.6.7 Spool and Output Request Management
154
3.6.8 Printing Assistant for Landscapes
160
3.7 Internet and Communication
165
3.7.1 Internet Communication Manager
165
3.7.2 Internet Communication Framework
173
3.7.3 Internet Transaction Server
181
3.7.4 SAPconnect
187
3.8 Summary
196
4 Technical Requirements and Operations
197
4.1 Product Availability Matrix
198
4.1.1 Product Information
199
4.1.2 Supported Platforms
201
4.2 SAP S/4HANA Application Layer on Linux and UNIX
202
4.2.1 Supported Platforms
203
4.2.2 Directory Structure
204
4.2.3 Using Aliases to Navigate Directories
206
4.2.4 Transport Directory
207
4.2.5 SAP Host Agent
209
4.2.6 Users and Groups
209
4.2.7 Directories and Files Owned by root
209
4.2.8 Network Services and Ports
210
4.2.9 Processes
211
4.3 SAP S/4HANA Application Layer on Microsoft Windows
212
4.3.1 Supported Platforms
212
4.3.2 Directory Structure and Network Shares
213
4.3.3 Transport Directory
215
4.3.4 SAP Host Agent
215
4.3.5 Users and Groups
216
4.3.6 Network Services and Ports
217
4.3.7 Processes
217
4.4 SAP HANA Database Layer
219
4.4.1 Network Services and Ports
220
4.4.2 Directory Structure
220
4.4.3 Users and Groups
224
4.4.4 Processes
225
4.5 Starting, Stopping, and Monitoring Instances on Linux and UNIX
226
4.5.1 Starting and Stopping
226
4.5.2 Monitoring Instances
228
4.5.3 Information about Work Processes
228
4.5.4 The dpmon Program
229
4.6 Starting, Stopping, and Monitoring Instances on Microsoft Windows
231
4.6.1 Starting and Stopping
232
4.6.2 Monitoring Instances
234
4.7 Starting, Stopping, and Monitoring SAP HANA
235
4.7.1 Starting and Stopping the SAP HANA System
235
4.7.2 Starting and Stopping Tenant Databases
238
4.7.3 Monitoring SAP HANA
240
4.8 Troubleshooting SAP S/4HANA Instances
244
4.8.1 Displaying Developer Traces
245
4.8.2 Interpreting a Trace
246
4.8.3 Changing the Trace Level
246
4.8.4 Limiting Disk Space for Traces
249
4.8.5 Resetting a Trace
250
4.9 Troubleshooting the SAP HANA Database System
250
4.9.1 Trace Files
250
4.9.2 Dump Files
253
4.9.3 Other Files
253
4.9.4 Viewing the Diagnostic Files
254
4.10 Summary
260
5 Client Administration
263
5.1 Data Types
264
5.2 Clients in an SAP System
265
5.3 How the System Keeps Clients Apart
266
5.4 Creating Clients
268
5.4.1 Client Settings
268
5.4.2 Client Roles and Recommended Settings
272
5.5 Logical Systems
274
5.6 Copying Clients
276
5.6.1 Types, Profiles, and Tools
277
5.6.2 Local Client Copy
278
5.6.3 Remote Client Copy
281
5.6.4 Client Tools Log
282
5.7 Client Transport
283
5.7.1 Exporting the Client
284
5.7.2 Importing the Client
287
5.7.3 Import Postprocessing
287
5.8 Working with Table Snapshots
289
5.8.1 How Snapshots Work
289
5.8.2 Exporting to a Table Snapshot
290
5.8.3 Importing from a Table Snapshot
291
5.9 Deleting a Client
292
5.10 Transport-Based Copy
292
5.11 Special Operations for Clients
294
5.11.1 Client Size Determination
294
5.11.2 Client Comparison
295
5.12 Cleaning Up Logs
298
5.13 Table Logging
299
5.13.1 Settings at Table Level
299
5.13.2 System Parameter Settings
300
5.13.3 Displaying Logged Data
301
5.13.4 Archiving and Deleting Logged Data
302
5.14 Summary
302
6 Change Management and Transports in the System Landscape
305
6.1 Key Terms
306
6.2 Development Objects
307
6.2.1 Source System and Object Changeability
307
6.2.2 Object Name Ranges
308
6.2.3 Packages
309
6.2.4 Repairs
310
6.2.5 Transportable versus Local Changes
310
6.3 Change Requests
312
6.3.1 Naming
312
6.3.2 Transportability
313
6.3.3 Tasks
313
6.3.4 Releasing Tasks
315
6.3.5 Releasing the Change Request
317
6.3.6 Importing the Request into the Consolidation System
318
6.3.7 Simultaneous Import of Multiple Requests
320
6.3.8 Other Request Types
321
6.4 Transactions for Managing Change Requests
322
6.4.1 Transactions SE09/SE10
323
6.4.2 Container Objects and Subobjects
326
6.4.3 Transaction SE01
328
6.5 Preparing the Transport System
328
6.5.1 Transport System Initialization
329
6.5.2 Scheduling the RDDIMPDP Job
330
6.5.3 System Change Options
331
6.6 Transport Management System
335
6.6.1 Domains and Controllers
336
6.6.2 Defining the Landscape
336
6.6.3 Managing the Import Queue
347
6.6.4 Importing Change Requests
348
6.6.5 The tp and R3trans Programs
349
6.7 Special Transport Topics
351
6.7.1 Extended Transport Control
351
6.7.2 Quality Assurance Approvals
353
6.7.3 Projects
356
6.7.4 Change and Request Management
358
6.7.5 Using tp Directly
359
6.8 Summary
361
7 Maintaining Instances
363
7.1 Parameters and Profile Maintenance
364
7.1.1 Parameters
364
7.1.2 Profiles
364
7.1.3 Evaluation
366
7.1.4 Display and Maintain Profiles
367
7.2 Display and Maintain Parameters Online
377
7.2.1 Transaction RZ11
377
7.2.2 Report RSPARAM
380
7.3 Operation Modes
381
7.3.1 Timetables
382
7.3.2 Creating the Operation Modes
384
7.3.3 Generating the Instance Definition
385
7.3.4 Maintaining the Timetable
386
7.3.5 Switching Operation Modes Manually
388
7.4 Dynamic Work Processes
389
7.4.1 Restricted Work Processes
389
7.4.2 Dynamically Started Work Processes
390
7.4.3 Dynamic Work Processes in Operation Modes
391
7.5 User Load-Balancing
392
7.5.1 Configuring Logon Groups
393
7.5.2 Displaying Load-Balancing Statistics
396
7.6 RFC Server Groups
397
7.7 Summary
400
8 Users and Authorizations
401
8.1 Users in SAP
401
8.2 Managing Users
403
8.2.1 Creating a User
403
8.2.2 Locking and Unlocking a User
408
8.2.3 Changing the Password
409
8.2.4 Change Documents
409
8.3 Mass User Changes
411
8.3.1 Create Users
411
8.3.2 Change Users
413
8.4 Password and Login Security
414
8.4.1 Password Policies
414
8.4.2 Other Login Parameters
416
8.5 Authorization Concept
419
8.5.1 The Purchasing Application
419
8.5.2 Determining Authorizations in SAP S/4HANA
424
8.6 Managing Roles
427
8.6.1 Display Single Role
428
8.6.2 Display Composite Role
432
8.6.3 Create Single Role
432
8.6.4 Deactivating and Deleting Authorization Objects from a Role
439
8.6.5 Create Composite Role
441
8.6.6 How the System Checks a User’s Authorizations
442
8.6.7 Assigning Roles to Users
443
8.6.8 Transporting Roles
445
8.6.9 Mass Operations on Roles
445
8.6.10 Periodic User Master Comparison
445
8.7 Authorization Profiles
446
8.8 User Information Management System
447
8.9 Central User Administration
449
8.9.1 Define the Landscape
450
8.9.2 Logical Systems
451
8.9.3 Create or Generate Roles
451
8.9.4 Create Communication Users
452
8.9.5 Create RFC Destinations
452
8.9.6 Create the Distribution Model
453
8.9.7 Set Distribution Parameters
454
8.9.8 Synchronize and Distribute Company Addresses
455
8.9.9 Transfer Users
457
8.9.10 Remove Setup Roles
457
8.9.11 Synchronization Logs
457
8.9.12 Changes in Transaction SU01
457
8.10 Summary
458
9 Security
461
9.1 Authentication and Single Sign-On
462
9.1.1 Components of Single Sign-On
463
9.1.2 Methods of Authentication
464
9.1.3 SAP Single Sign-On for SAP GUI
466
9.1.4 Single Sign-On using SAP Cloud Identity Services
475
9.2 Securing Communication
488
9.2.1 Introducing Encryption and Cryptography
489
9.2.2 Configure ICM for SSL/TLS
495
9.2.3 Creating the TLS/SSL Personal Security Environment
497
9.2.4 Restart ICM and Verify the TLS/SSL Configuration
499
9.2.5 Request and Install Certificates
500
9.2.6 Verify the TLS/SSL Certificate Configuration
500
9.3 SAP Web Dispatcher
501
9.3.1 Installation
502
9.3.2 Configuration
506
9.3.3 Administration
507
9.3.4 SSL Configuration
509
9.3.5 Connections to Backend Systems
513
9.3.6 Verification
515
9.3.7 Reverse Proxy
517
9.4 Restricting Access
517
9.4.1 Message Server
517
9.4.2 Gateway Process
519
9.4.3 Internet Communication Manager
523
9.4.4 Internet Communication Framework
528
9.5 Protecting Data
530
9.5.1 Securing Clients
530
9.5.2 Locking Clients and Transactions
533
9.5.3 Password Policies
536
9.5.4 Password Rules
538
9.5.5 Restricting Logon
538
9.5.6 Standard Users and Authorization Profiles
539
9.5.7 Security Policies
542
9.5.8 Virus Protection
543
9.6 Auditing
544
9.6.1 Security Audit Log
544
9.6.2 Table Logging
551
9.6.3 Read Access Logging
553
9.6.4 User Information System
554
9.6.5 Additional Audit Reports
556
9.7 Summary
558
10 Monitoring Activities
559
10.1 Application Servers and Work Processes
559
10.1.1 Application Servers
559
10.1.2 Work Processes
561
10.1.3 Kernel Snapshots
565
10.1.4 Operating System Commands
567
10.2 Message Server
568
10.3 Gateway Monitor
573
10.4 Developer Traces
576
10.5 System Messages
580
10.6 User Overview
583
10.7 System Log
584
10.8 Runtime Errors
586
10.9 Host Monitoring
589
10.9.1 Operating System Monitor
589
10.9.2 Executing Operating System Commands
592
10.9.3 Uploading and Downloading Files
593
10.10 Summary
593
11 Performance and Tuning
595
11.1 Dialog Steps and Response Time
596
11.1.1 Response Time and Its Components
597
11.1.2 CPU Time
600
11.1.3 Response Time for Online Dialog Steps
600
11.1.4 CPIC/RFC Time
602
11.1.5 The Problem with the Processing Time
603
11.2 Statistical Records
604
11.2.1 Stat Record Collection
604
11.2.2 Workload Aggregation
605
11.3 Monitoring the Workload with Transaction ST03
606
11.3.1 Workload Profiles
608
11.3.2 Other Functions
621
11.3.3 Configuring Retention Periods
624
11.3.4 Programmatic Access to Workload Data
626
11.4 Working with Statistical Records: Transaction STATS
626
11.4.1 Selection Screen
627
11.4.2 Output List
630
11.4.3 Single Record Details
631
11.4.4 Logging Table Access
635
11.4.5 Saving Reports in the Database
638
11.5 Database Monitors
639
11.5.1 Transaction DBACOCKPIT
639
11.5.2 SAP HANA Cockpit
644
11.6 Monitoring the Servers
645
11.7 Memory Management
648
11.7.1 Buffers
649
11.7.2 SAP Memory
653
11.8 Table Buffering
659
11.8.1 Buffering Methods
660
11.8.2 Changes to Buffered Tables
661
11.8.3 Choosing the Buffering Type
662
11.8.4 Setting the Buffering Type for a Table
663
11.8.5 Table Call Statistics
664
11.8.6 Data Analysis
668
11.9 Summary
671
12 SAP HANA Database Administration
673
12.1 Introduction to SAP HANA
673
12.1.1 Column Store and Row Store
674
12.1.2 SAP HANA Instance and Multitenancy
677
12.1.3 SYSTEM Database
677
12.1.4 Tenant Databases
678
12.1.5 Services and Processes
680
12.1.6 Data Persistency
684
12.1.7 Backup and Recovery
685
12.1.8 System Replication
688
12.2 DBA Cockpit for SAP HANA
689
12.2.1 Introduction
690
12.2.2 Current Status
692
12.2.3 Performance
693
12.2.4 Configuration
695
12.2.5 Jobs
696
12.2.6 Diagnostics
697
12.2.7 System Information
699
12.2.8 Documentation
701
12.2.9 System Landscape
701
12.3 SAP HANA Cockpit
701
12.3.1 Introduction
702
12.3.2 Setup and Configuration
705
12.3.3 Monitoring and Administration
711
12.3.4 Starting and Stopping Instances and Databases
713
12.3.5 Configuring the System
715
12.3.6 Monitoring Performance
718
12.3.7 Installing the SAP HANA License
721
12.3.8 Executing SQL Statements
721
12.4 SAP HANA Studio
722
12.4.1 Setup and Configuration
723
12.4.2 Monitoring and Administration
725
12.4.3 Starting and Stopping Instances and Databases
728
12.4.4 Configuring the System
729
12.4.5 Monitoring Performance
730
12.4.6 Installing the SAP HANA License
731
12.4.7 Executing SQL Statements
732
12.5 Command-Line Tools
733
12.5.1 Starting and Stopping Instances and Databases
734
12.5.2 Monitoring and Administration
735
12.5.3 Configuring the System
737
12.5.4 Executing SQL Statements
739
12.5.5 Using HDBSQL
741
12.6 Summary
744
13 Development
745
13.1 Development Tools
746
13.1.1 ABAP Workbench
747
13.1.2 ABAP Development Tools for Eclipse
748
13.2 Developing a Simple Program
748
13.2.1 Create the Program
748
13.2.2 Code Walkthrough
752
13.2.3 Running the Program
759
13.2.4 Transporting the Program
761
13.3 Changing SAP Code
765
13.4 Creating and Changing Dictionary Objects
767
13.4.1 Tables
767
13.4.2 Views
769
13.4.3 Structures
770
13.4.4 CDS Views
770
13.4.5 Data Types and Domains
772
13.4.6 Search Helps
775
13.4.7 Lock Objects
775
13.5 Performance Analysis Tools
778
13.5.1 SQL Trace
778
13.5.2 ABAP Runtime Analysis
784
13.6 Summary
798
14 Data Archiving
801
14.1 Archive Development Kit
802
14.2 Archiving Objects
803
14.3 Storage Options
805
14.3.1 SAP ArchiveLink
806
14.3.2 Content Repositories
807
14.3.3 Defining Path Names and File Names
808
14.4 Preparation Activities
810
14.4.1 Database Analysis
811
14.4.2 Table Analyses
813
14.5 Executing Archiving Runs
814
14.5.1 Customizing
815
14.5.2 Preprocessing
818
14.5.3 Write
819
14.5.4 Delete
820
14.5.5 Postprocessing or Follow-Up
822
14.5.6 Read
822
14.5.7 Management
823
14.5.8 Reload, Interrupt, and Continue
824
14.5.9 Monitoring
825
14.5.10 Other Options
825
14.6 Access Options for Archived Data
826
14.6.1 Direct Access
827
14.6.2 Archive Information System
827
14.6.3 Document Relationship Browser
831
14.6.4 Print Lists
831
14.7 Summary
832
15 Data Distribution and Transfer
833
15.1 Destinations
834
15.1.1 Connection Types
835
15.1.2 Configuration Data
836
15.1.3 Trusted Connections
839
15.2 Server Groups and Parallel Processing
842
15.3 Transactional RFCs
847
15.4 Queued and Background RFCs
848
15.4.1 Queued Remote Function Call
849
15.4.2 Background Remote Function Call
857
15.4.3 Local Data Queue
863
15.5 Application Link Enabling
863
15.5.1 Technical Basics
864
15.5.2 Configuration
867
15.5.3 Monitoring and Troubleshooting
872
15.6 Data Transfer
874
15.6.1 Migration Cockpit
874
15.6.2 Batch Input
875
15.6.3 Direct Input and BAPI
876
15.6.4 Legacy System Migration Workbench and the Data Transfer Workbench
876
15.7 Summary
877
16 Frontend Components
879
16.1 SAP GUI
879
16.1.1 Overview
879
16.1.2 SAP Logon
881
16.1.3 Setting Up an Installation Server
886
16.1.4 Installation Scenarios
896
16.1.5 Customizing the Logon
898
16.2 SAP Fiori and SAP Fiori Launchpad
903
16.2.1 Deployment Options
904
16.2.2 Accessing the SAP Fiori Launchpad
905
16.2.3 ABAP Task Manager
907
16.2.4 Configuring SAP Fiori Launchpad for SAP S/4HANA
909
16.2.5 Preparing SAP Fiori Applications
916
16.2.6 Monitoring and Troubleshooting
922
16.3 Summary
925
17 Installations and System Copies
927
17.1 Software Logistics Toolset
927
17.2 Software Provisioning Manger
929
17.2.1 Downloading SWPM
929
17.2.2 Installing SWPM
930
17.2.3 Documentation and SAP Notes
931
17.2.4 Maintain Your Own Documentation
933
17.3 Installing an SAP S/4HANA System
936
17.3.1 Installation Scenario
937
17.3.2 SAP HANA Installation
938
17.3.3 File Systems
938
17.3.4 Downloading the Installation Media
939
17.3.5 The sapinst Installation Program
941
17.3.6 Installation Logs
941
17.3.7 User for Authentication (Linux and UNIX)
942
17.3.8 Run #1: Prerequisites Check
942
17.3.9 Run #2: Installation
949
17.3.10 Postinstallation Activities
968
17.4 Copying an SAP S/4HANA System
973
17.4.1 Homogeneous and Heterogeneous System Copies
974
17.4.2 Renaming an SAP System
974
17.4.3 SAP HANA Installation
975
17.4.4 System Copy Scenario
975
17.4.5 Media for the System Copy
976
17.4.6 Actions in Source System before the Backup
977
17.4.7 Source System Backup
977
17.4.8 Stop the Target System
978
17.4.9 Homogeneous System Copy
978
17.4.10 Postcopy Activities
989
17.5 Deleting an SAP S/4HANA System
993
17.6 Summary
996
18 Support Packages and Add-ons
997
18.1 Release and Maintenance Strategy
998
18.2 Software Update Manager
1000
18.2.1 Downloading SUM
1000
18.2.2 Installing SUM
1001
18.2.3 Documentation and SAP Notes
1001
18.2.4 Maintain Your Own Documentation
1002
18.3 Maintenance Planner
1003
18.4 Preparing the Update
1010
18.4.1 Update Transaction SPAM
1010
18.4.2 Download Certificate Revocation List
1011
18.4.3 Upgrade SAP Host Agent
1011
18.4.4 Register SUM with SAP Host Agent
1013
18.4.5 Set User for Authentication (Optional)
1013
18.4.6 Starting SUM
1014
18.4.7 Disk Space Requirements
1016
18.4.8 Update Logs
1016
18.5 Performing the Update
1017
18.5.1 Extraction Section
1017
18.5.2 Configuration Section
1022
18.5.3 Checks Section
1028
18.5.4 Preprocessing Section
1028
18.5.5 Execution Section
1034
18.5.6 Postprocessing Section
1035
18.5.7 Manual Postupdate Activities
1037
18.5.8 Resetting SUM
1038
18.6 Patching with Transaction SPAM
1039
18.7 Installing Add-Ons
1045
18.7.1 Maintenance Planner for Add-Ons
1045
18.7.2 Add-On Installation with SUM
1046
18.7.3 Add-On Installation with Transaction SAINT
1047
18.8 Summary
1050
19 Services and Support
1051
19.1 SAP Support Portal and SAP ONE Support Launchpad
1051
19.2 SAP for ME
1052
19.3 SAP Notes and Knowledge Base Articles
1054
19.4 Report an Incident
1056
19.5 View Incidents
1058
19.6 Software Downloads
1059
19.7 Manage Users
1060
19.8 Request License Keys
1061
19.9 Manage Remote Connections
1062
19.10 Additional Sources
1066
19.10.1 Product Documentation
1066
19.10.2 SAP Community
1067
19.10.3 openSAP
1067
19.10.4 SAP Learning
1067
19.10.5 SAP Learning Hub
1068
19.10.6 SAP Training and Adoption
1068
19.11 Summary
1068
20 A Day in the Life of an SAP System Administrator
1069
20.1 Daily Tasks
1070
20.2 Weekly Tasks
1072
20.3 Monthly Tasks
1073
20.4 Summary
1074
21 Installing Your Own System
1075
21.1 SAP Cloud Appliance Library
1076
21.1.1 Configuration and Navigation Overview
1076
21.1.2 Create an Account and Subscription in the Public Cloud
1077
21.1.3 Set Up Your SAP Cloud Appliance Library
1078
21.1.4 Deploying Solutions
1079
21.1.5 Connect to Your System and Start Using the Software
1083
21.2 SAP NetWeaver AS ABAP Developer Edition
1085
21.2.1 Installation Activities
1085
21.2.2 Retrieve the Hardware Key and Request the SAP License
1090
21.2.3 Uninstallation Instructions
1092
21.3 Summary
1092
Appendices
1093
A References and Further Reading
1093
A.1 SAP Documentation and Manuals
1093
A.2 SAP Product Support
1094
A.3 Further Reading by SAP PRESS
1095
B The Authors
1097
Index
1099