1 Fundamentals of SAP System Administration

23

1.1 System Administrator Tasks

23

1.2 Guiding Principles for System Administrators

25

1.3 Definitions

31

1.4 Summary

33

2 SAP System Administration

35

2.1 Starting and Stopping the SAP System

35

2.1.1 Starting the SAP System

36

2.1.2 Stopping the SAP System

40

2.2 Instances and Operation Modes

46

2.3 Maintaining Profile Parameters

61

2.4 Specific Monitoring Transactions

68

2.4.1 System Log

69

2.4.2 ABAP Dump Analysis

71

2.4.3 Checking Application Servers and Work Processes

76

2.4.4 Lock Entries

78

2.4.5 Canceled Update Requests

81

2.5 System Messages

85

2.6 Connections

88

2.6.1 RFC Destinations

88

2.6.2 SAP Gateway Monitor

97

2.6.3 SAPconnect

98

2.6.4 Message Server Monitor

103

2.6.5 Internet Communication Framework

105

2.6.6 ICM Monitor

108

2.7 Client Administration

111

2.7.1 Creating Clients

111

2.7.2 Copying Clients

115

2.7.3 Deleting Clients

128

2.7.4 Checking the Client Copy Log

130

2.8 System Copy

132

2.8.1 A Database Copy of the Production System

133

2.8.2 Client Copy with Data

134

2.8.3 Client Copy without Data

134

2.9 Summary

135

3 System Monitoring

137

3.1 CCMS Alert Monitor

137

3.2 System Monitoring with the Standard CCMS Alert Monitor

139

3.3 Adapting the CCMS Monitor Sets

148

3.3.1 Hiding Monitor Sets

149

3.3.2 Defining a New Monitor Set

154

3.3.3 Adding a Monitor to a Monitor Set

156

3.3.4 Deleting a Monitor from a Monitor Set

159

3.3.5 Changing Alert Thresholds

162

3.4 Auto-Reaction Methods

165

3.4.1 Changing an Auto-Reaction Method

165

3.4.2 Assigning an Auto-Reaction Method to a Monitor Object

170

3.5 Summary

176

4 System Administration Using SAP Solution Manager

177

4.1 Functional Spectrum of SAP Solution Manager

178

4.2 Maintaining the System Landscape

180

4.2.1 Transferring System Data to SAP Solution Manager

180

4.2.2 Creating a Product System

185

4.2.3 Creating a Logical Component

189

4.2.4 Solutions

193

4.2.5 Configuring Managed Systems

197

4.3 System Administration

206

4.3.1 Technical Monitoring and Alerting

206

4.3.2 End-to-End Analysis

223

4.3.3 Configuration Validation

230

4.3.4 SAP EarlyWatch Alert

236

4.3.5 System Recommendations

243

4.3.6 Managing Service Connections

245

4.3.7 License Administration

249

4.4 Maintenance Optimizer

251

4.5 Summary

262

5 Scheduled Tasks

263

5.1 Critical Tasks

264

5.1.1 Check Whether the SAP System Is Running

264

5.1.2 Checks to Determine Whether Your Backups Have Been Successful

264

5.2 Daily Tasks

267

5.2.1 Critical Tasks

268

5.2.2 SAP System

268

5.2.3 Databases

271

5.2.4 Operating System

271

5.2.5 Other

271

5.3 Weekly Tasks

272

5.3.1 SAP System

272

5.3.2 Databases

272

5.3.3 Operating System

273

5.3.4 Other

273

5.3.5 Overview of Transactions

274

5.4 Monthly Tasks

274

5.4.1 SAP System, Database, Operating System, Other

274

5.4.2 Checking Consumable Items

276

5.5 Quarterly Tasks

277

5.5.1 SAP System

277

5.5.2 Databases

278

5.5.3 Operating System

278

5.5.4 Other

279

5.6 Yearly Tasks

279

5.6.1 SAP System

279

5.6.2 Databases

281

5.6.3 Operating System

281

5.6.4 Other

281

5.6.5 Overview of Transactions

282

5.7 Summary

283

6 Backup and Restore

285

6.1 Backup

285

6.1.1 What Has to Be Saved?

286

6.1.2 Backup Types

290

6.1.3 Backup Strategy

295

6.1.4 Strategy Recommendations

297

6.2 Restore

299

6.3 Performance

301

6.3.1 Performance Factors

301

6.3.2 Backup Performance

302

6.3.3 Restore Performance

304

6.4 Summary

305

7 Disaster Recovery

307

7.1 Preliminary Considerations

307

7.2 Planning for an Emergency

309

7.2.1 Which Measures Apply to Disaster Recovery?

309

7.2.2 When Should the Disaster Recovery Procedure Begin?

310

7.2.3 Expected Downtime

311

7.2.4 Restore Time

311

7.2.5 Communication in the Event of a Disaster

312

7.3 Recovery Team and Role Distribution

313

7.4 Types of Disaster Recovery

314

7.5 Emergency Scenarios

315

7.5.1 Damaged Database

316

7.5.2 Hardware Failure

316

7.5.3 Complete Loss or Destruction of the Server Facility

317

7.6 Recovery Script

318

7.7 Crash Kit

321

7.8 Testing the Disaster Recovery Procedure

324

7.9 Minimizing the Risk of Failure

326

7.9.1 Minimizing the Risk of Human Error

326

7.9.2 Minimizing Single Points of Failure

326

7.10 Continuing Business During a System Recovery

327

7.11 Summary

328

8 Database Administration

329

8.1 Planning Database Administration Tasks

330

8.1.1 Planning Database Tasks

330

8.1.2 Changing and Deleting Database Tasks

335

8.1.3 Checking the DBA Planning Calendar

338

8.2 Checking Database Actions

340

8.3 Performing a Database Analysis

346

8.4 Monitoring Database Performance

351

8.5 Database Administration—DB2

356

8.5.1 DB2 Command Line Processor

357

8.5.2 Establishing a Connection to the DB2 Database

358

8.5.3 Starting and Stopping the Database

360

8.5.4 Executing SQL Statements

362

8.5.5 Updating and Checking the Database Manager Configuration

362

8.5.6 Updating and Checking the Database Configuration

365

8.5.7 Automatic Storage Management

366

8.5.8 Backing Up the Database

367

8.5.9 Restoring the Database

370

8.5.10 DBA Cockpit for DB2 for LUW

373

8.6 Database Administration—Oracle

376

8.6.1 SQL*Plus

376

8.6.2 Starting and Stopping the Database

379

8.6.3 Executing SQL Statements and SQL Scripts

386

8.6.4 Managing the Database Using SQL*Plus

387

8.6.5 Managing the Database Using the BR*Tools

388

8.6.6 Backing Up the Database

402

8.6.7 Restoring the Database

406

8.6.8 Checking the Database

409

8.7 Database Administration—Microsoft SQL Server

413

8.7.1 SQL Server Management Studio

414

8.7.2 Starting and Stopping the Database

417

8.7.3 Files and Logs

419

8.7.4 Initiating a Backup Process

424

8.7.5 Setting Up Maintenance Plans for a Backup

428

8.7.6 Backing Up System Databases

433

8.7.7 SQL Server Logs

436

8.8 Database Administration—SAP MaxDB

437

8.8.1 Database Studio

437

8.8.2 Starting and Stopping the Database

438

8.8.3 Database Monitoring

440

8.8.4 Backing Up the Database

444

8.9 Database Administration—SAP HANA

448

8.9.1 Technical Background

449

8.9.2 SAP HANA Studio

450

8.9.3 Starting and Stopping the Database

459

8.9.4 Database Monitoring

463

8.9.5 Configuring the Database Backup

467

8.9.6 Backing Up the Database

469

8.9.7 Restoring the Database

471

8.10 Summary

475

9 Operating System Administration

477

9.1 Checking the Memory Usage of the File System

477

9.1.1 Monitoring the File System Using the CCMS Alert Monitor

478

9.1.2 Changing Alert Thresholds

481

9.1.3 Releasing Memory at the Operating System Level

482

9.2 Retrieving Operating System Information

486

9.3 Summary

491

10 Security Administration

493

10.1 What Is Security?

493

10.1.1 Protecting Data against Damage or Loss

494

10.1.2 Adhering to Legal or Quasi-Legal Provisions

494

10.2 Security Levels

495

10.2.1 Access Security

495

10.2.2 Operational Security

497

10.2.3 Data Security

498

10.3 Safeguarding the SAP System

499

10.3.1 Preventing Multiple User Logons

500

10.3.2 Passwords

501

10.3.3 Limiting Access for SAP* or DDIC Users

504

10.3.4 Locking Critical Transactions

505

10.3.5 Preventing Changes in the Production System

508

10.3.6 Operational Security

513

10.4 Audits

514

10.4.1 Auditing Aspects

515

10.4.2 Auditing Tasks for SAP Administrators

516

10.5 Auditing Tools

517

10.5.1 Audit Information System

517

10.5.2 Security Audit Log

519

10.6 Summary

535

11 Performance

537

11.1 Short-Term Remedy of Performance Problems

537

11.2 Detailed Analysis of Performance Problems

542

11.2.1 System Load Analysis

543

11.2.2 Buffer Analysis

548

11.2.3 Memory Defragmentation

550

11.3 Analysis at Other Levels

551

11.3.1 Analysis at the Database Level

551

11.3.2 Analysis at the Operating System Level

551

11.3.3 Analysis at the Hardware Level

552

11.4 Summary

552

12 SAP GUI

553

12.1 Installation Requirements

553

12.1.1 Minimum Requirements for the User’s PC

553

12.1.2 Network Functions

554

12.2 Installation Scenarios

554

12.2.1 Installing SAP GUI from an Installation Medium

555

12.2.2 Installing SAP GUI from an Installation Server

558

12.3 Adding Systems to SAP Logon

574

12.4 Summary

578

13 User Administration

579

13.1 General

579

13.2 Setting Up New Users

582

13.2.1 Copying Existing Users

582

13.2.2 Creating a New User

591

13.3 Maintaining Users

591

13.4 Mass Changes

592

13.5 Resetting the Password

594

13.6 Locking or Unlocking a User

596

13.7 Central User Administration

597

13.7.1 Setting Up a Central User Administration

598

13.7.2 Creating and Maintaining Users via a Central User Administration

616

13.7.3 Troubleshooting

620

13.7.4 Deactivating or Deleting a Central User Administration

623

13.8 User Groups

632

13.9 Deleting User Sessions

635

13.9.1 Displaying Active Users

635

13.9.2 Deleting User Sessions

637

13.10 System Administration

638

13.10.1 Special User IDs

638

13.10.2 Special Authorizations

639

13.10.3 User Passwords

640

13.11 Summary

641

14 Authorization Management

643

14.1 Authorization Check Process

643

14.2 Authorization Roles

644

14.2.1 Creating and Maintaining Single Roles

645

14.2.2 Creating and Maintaining Composite Roles

656

14.3 Authorization Profiles

662

14.4 Utilities for Authorization Management

667

14.4.1 Default Values and Check Indicators

667

14.4.2 Authorization Trace

672

14.4.3 Infosystem Authorizations

677

14.5 Summary

679

15 Background Processing

681

15.1 Creating Background Jobs

681

15.1.1 General

682

15.1.2 Creating and Scheduling Background Jobs

684

15.2 Monitoring Background Jobs

691

15.3 Graphical Job Scheduling Monitor

694

15.4 Performance Factors for Background Jobs

695

15.5 Summary

697

16 Output Management

699

16.1 Setting Up the Spool Servers

699

16.2 Setting Up Printers

703

16.2.1 Configuring Network Printers

703

16.2.2 Setting Up Frontend Printers

709

16.2.3 Transporting Output Devices

712

16.3 Outputting Data

714

16.4 Output Control

716

16.5 Deleting Old Spool Requests

724

16.6 Checking the Spool Consistency

724

16.7 Checking the TemSe Consistency

726

16.8 Summary

728

17 Change and Transport Management

729

17.1 General Notes on Change Management

730

17.2 Transporting Objects

732

17.2.1 Creating a Transport Request

733

17.2.2 Recording Changes in a Transport Request

736

17.2.3 Releasing a Transport Request

738

17.2.4 Importing Transport Requests

742

17.2.5 Checking the Transport Log

748

17.2.6 Checking the History

750

17.3 Direct Table Maintenance

752

17.4 Summary

758

18 System Maintenance

759

18.1 Downloading SAP Support Packages

760

18.1.1 Determining the System’s Current Support Package Level

761

18.1.2 Finding Support Packages

766

18.1.3 Downloading Support Packages

781

18.2 Important Notes on Preparing and Executing System Maintenance

783

18.3 Performing a Kernel Update

784

18.3.1 Kernel Backup

785

18.3.2 Unpacking a New Kernel

786

18.3.3 Stopping the SAP System

787

18.3.4 Replacing Kernel Files

788

18.3.5 Starting the SAP System and Checking the Logs

789

18.4 Applying the SPAM/SAINT Update

790

18.5 Importing ABAP Support Packages

794

18.5.1 Making the Support Packages Available

794

18.5.2 Importing the Support Packages

799

18.5.3 Performing a Modification Adjustment

810

18.5.4 Regenerating Objects

811

18.5.5 Performing Regression Tests

814

18.6 Installing Add-Ons

814

18.7 Summary

821

19 Diagnostics and Troubleshooting

823

19.1 Basic Procedure

823

19.2 Troubleshooting with the SAP Support Portal

826

19.2.1 Searching for SAP Notes with the SAP Support Portal

827

19.2.2 Customer Incident Messages

831

19.3 Creating a Remote Service Connection

850

19.4 Implementing SAP Notes

859

19.5 Summary

866

Appendices

867

A Useful Transactions

869

B Security-Relevant Transactions

875

C Useful Tables

881

D Forms

885

E Bibliography

891

F The Author

893