1 Introduction to Financial Accounting

17

1.1 Defining the Organizational Structure

18

1.1.1 Company

20

1.1.2 Company Code

21

1.1.3 Credit Control Area

22

1.1.4 Segment

24

1.1.5 Profit Center

25

1.1.6 Business Area

26

1.1.7 Functional Area

26

1.1.8 Financial Management Area

27

1.2 Assigning Organizational Structures

28

1.2.1 Company Code to Company

30

1.2.2 Company Code to Credit Control Area

31

1.2.3 Company Code to Financial Management Area

31

1.2.4 Profit Centers to Company Code

32

1.3 Making Cross-Modular Assignments

33

1.3.1 Company Code to Controlling Area

33

1.3.2 Plants to Company Code

36

1.3.3 Sales Organization to Company Code

37

1.3.4 Purchasing Organization to Company Code

38

1.3.5 Personnel Area to Company Code

39

1.4 Summary

40

2 Financial Accounting Master Data

41

2.1 General Ledger Accounts

42

2.1.1 Chart of Accounts

43

2.1.2 General Ledger: General Data

44

2.1.3 General Ledger: Company Code Data

46

2.2 Vendor Accounts

49

2.2.1 Vendor General Data

50

2.2.2 Vendor Company Code Data

53

2.3 Customer Accounts

56

2.3.1 Customer General Data

57

2.3.2 Customer Company Code Data

60

2.4 Fixed Assets

62

2.5 Banks

65

2.6 Business Partners

66

2.7 Summary

72

3 General Ledger Transactions

75

3.1 Journal Vouchers

76

3.1.1 Document Entry

76

3.1.2 Post, Park, Save as Complete, and Hold

80

3.1.3 Tree Display

91

3.1.4 Using Screen Variants and Account Assignment Templates

94

3.1.5 Controlling Document Entry with Editing Options

99

3.1.6 Post with Reference

107

3.2 Post with Clearing

115

3.3 Resetting and Reversing Documents

120

3.3.1 Reversing a Non-Clearing Document

121

3.3.2 Reversing a Clearing Document

126

3.4 Changing and Displaying Documents

129

3.5 Document Relationship Browser

135

3.6 Reference Documents

137

3.6.1 Account Assignment Models

137

3.6.2 Recurring Documents

140

3.6.3 Sample Documents

146

3.7 Summary

149

4 General Ledger Account Inquiries

151

4.1 Account Displays

151

4.1.1 Account Balance

152

4.1.2 Account Line Items

154

4.2 Reports and Queries

158

4.2.1 Standard Reports

158

4.2.2 Direct Table Queries

161

4.3 Summary

166

5 Accounts Payable Processes

169

5.1 Logistics

170

5.1.1 Create Purchase Requisition

171

5.1.2 Purchase Orders

171

5.1.3 Inbound Delivery, Post Goods Receipt, and Invoice Receipt

172

5.1.4 Automatic Creation of Accounting Invoice

175

5.2 Create Direct Invoices

177

5.3 Issue Outgoing Payments

178

5.4 Process Exceptions

181

5.4.1 Credit Memos

181

5.4.2 Document Reversals

183

5.4.3 Change Posted Documents

184

5.5 Summary

185

6 Accounts Payable Transactions

187

6.1 Vendor Invoices

188

6.1.1 Document Entry

188

6.1.2 Post, Park, Save as Complete, and Hold

193

6.1.3 Tree Display

203

6.1.4 Using Screen Variants and Account Assignment Templates

206

6.1.5 Controlling Document Entry with Editing Options

212

6.1.6 Post with Reference

222

6.2 Credit Memos

229

6.3 Down Payments Sent

233

6.4 Resetting and Reversing Documents

236

6.4.1 Reversing a Non-Clearing Document

236

6.4.2 Reversing a Clearing Document

241

6.5 Changing and Displaying Documents

244

6.6 Issuing Outgoing Payments

250

6.7 Summary

254

7 Automated Payment Program

257

7.1 Automated Payment Program Process

258

7.1.1 Maintain Parameters

259

7.1.2 Create Payment Proposal

262

7.1.3 Execute Payment Run

264

7.2 Additional Settings

267

7.2.1 Free Selection

267

7.2.2 Additional Logs

272

7.2.3 Variants for Data Medium

274

7.3 Automatic Payment Run Inquiries

278

7.3.1 Proposal Lists

278

7.3.2 Payment Lists

280

7.4 Summary

281

8 Accounts Payable Account Inquiries

283

8.1 Vendor Account Displays

284

8.1.1 Vendor Account Balance

284

8.1.2 Vendor Account Line Items

286

8.2 Due Date Analysis

290

8.3 Payment History

291

8.4 Check Register

294

8.5 Reports and Queries

300

8.5.1 Standard Reports

300

8.5.2 Direct Table Queries

305

8.6 Summary

310

9 Accounts Receivable Processes

313

9.1 Logistics

314

9.1.1 Sales Orders

317

9.1.2 Outbound Deliveries

318

9.1.3 Billing Documents

319

9.1.4 Automatic Creation of Accounting Invoice

320

9.2 Direct Invoices

321

9.3 Customer Account Maintenance and Incoming Payments

322

9.4 Process Exceptions

324

9.4.1 Credit Memos

324

9.4.2 Document Reversals

325

9.4.3 Change Posted Documents

326

9.5 Summary

328

10 Accounts Receivable Transactions

331

10.1 Customer Invoices

332

10.1.1 Document Entry

332

10.1.2 Post, Park, Save as Complete, and Hold

336

10.1.3 Tree Display

346

10.1.4 Using Screen Variants and Account Assignment Templates

349

10.1.5 Controlling Document Entry with Editing Options

354

10.1.6 Post with Reference

363

10.2 Credit Memos

369

10.3 Down Payments Received

374

10.4 Resetting and Reversing Documents

377

10.4.1 Reversing a Non-Clearing Document

378

10.4.2 Reversing a Clearing Document

382

10.5 Changing and Displaying Documents

386

10.6 Process Incoming Payments

392

10.7 Dunning

395

10.8 Credit Management

398

10.9 Summary

399

11 Accounts Receivable Account Inquiries

401

11.1 Customer Account Displays

402

11.1.1 Customer Account Balance

402

11.1.2 Customer Account Line Items

404

11.2 Customer Analysis

408

11.2.1 Due Date Analysis

408

11.2.2 Searching for Cleared Customer Items

410

11.2.3 General Customer Analysis

412

11.3 Reports and Queries

415

11.3.1 Standard Reports

415

11.3.2 Direct Table Queries

420

11.4 Summary

426

12 Fixed Asset Processes

427

12.1 Fixed Asset Lifecycle

428

12.1.1 Stages of the Asset Lifecycle

429

12.1.2 Structure of FI Asset Accounting Application Menu

431

12.1.3 FI Asset Accounting Configuration

432

12.1.4 Depreciation

434

12.2 Asset Acquisition

435

12.2.1 Fixed Asset Acquisition Types

435

12.2.2 External Asset Acquisition with Purchase Order

437

12.2.3 Internal Acquisition

439

12.2.4 Assets under Construction and Settlements

440

12.3 Summary

441

13 Fixed Asset Transactions

443

13.1 Creating an Asset

443

13.2 Changing, Displaying, and Locking

452

13.3 Navigating the Asset Explorer

460

13.4 Transfers

464

13.5 Retirement

468

13.6 Value Adjustments

468

13.7 Depreciation

469

13.8 Summary

474

14 Fixed Asset Posting Logic

475

14.1 General Ledger Accounts

476

14.1.1 Balance Sheet Accounts

476

14.1.2 Profit and Loss Accounts

478

14.2 Asset Classes

478

14.3 Account Determinations

481

14.4 Reports and Tools

486

14.5 Summary

492

15 Bank Master Data and Processes

493

15.1 Bank Master Data

493

15.1.1 Vendor and Customer Bank Data

494

15.1.2 House Banks

497

15.2 Structuring Bank Accounts in the General Ledger

502

15.2.1 Bank Balance Sheet Accounts

503

15.2.2 Bank General Ledger Clearing Accounts

505

15.3 Bank Reconciliation

507

15.3.1 Electronic Bank Statements

508

15.3.2 Manual Bank Statements

512

15.4 Postprocessing of Electronic Bank Statements

513

15.5 Summary

519

16 Financial Close Processes

521

16.1 Opening and Closing Financial Periods

522

16.1.1 Opening and Closing Periods

522

16.1.2 Masking

523

16.2 Balance Carryforward

524

16.3 Fixed Assets

528

16.4 Periodic Processing

531

16.5 Foreign Currency Valuations

537

16.6 Goods Receipt/Invoice Receipt Clearing

538

16.7 Depreciation

542

16.8 Summary

543

17 Integrated Financial Close in SAP ERP

545

17.1 Integrated Financial Close and Cost Accounting

546

17.1.1 Controlling Period Locks

546

17.1.2 Other Controlling Close Activities

552

17.2 Integrated Financial Close and Materials Management

553

17.2.1 Materials Management Period Maintenance

553

17.2.2 Other Materials Management Close Activities

558

17.3 Integrated Financial Close and Sales and Distribution

559

17.4 Summary

560

18 Understanding the Impact of SAP S/4HANA

563

18.1 Architectural Changes

564

18.1.1 SAP HANA Database

564

18.1.2 New versus Classic SAP Business Suite

565

18.2 Financial Accounting Simplifications

566

18.2.1 Universal Journal

566

18.2.2 New Asset Accounting

570

18.2.3 Financial Close

574

18.3 Change in Material Number Length

574

18.4 Embedded Analytics

575

18.5 SAP Fiori

577

18.5.1 Design Principles

579

18.5.2 SAP Fiori Apps Reference Library

580

18.6 Further Reference Materials for SAP S/4HANA Simplifications

584

18.6.1 Simplification List

584

18.6.2 Simplification Categories

587

18.6.3 SAP Business Impact Notes

587

18.7 Summary

589

Appendices

591

A The New General Ledger

593

A.1 Flexibility and Extensibility

594

A.2 Activation of the New General Ledger

595

A.3 Ledgers

596

A.4 Document Splitting

602

A.5 Segments

605

A.6 Profit Center Accounting

608

A.7 Summary

609

B Important Tables in Financial Accounting

611

C The Author

617