Preface

17

Target Audience

18

Objective of This Book

18

Scope of This Book

19

How to Read This Book

23

1 Introduction to DevOps

27

1.1 What Is DevOps?

27

1.1.1 Solving Problems Using DevOps

28

1.1.2 Definition of DevOps

30

1.1.3 Four Principles of DevOps

30

1.1.4 Key Benefits of DevOps

32

1.2 Continuous Integration and Delivery

33

1.3 How Does DevOps Work?

35

1.3.1 Plan Phase

36

1.3.2 Develop Phase

36

1.3.3 Build Phase

37

1.3.4 Test Phase

37

1.3.5 Release Phase

38

1.3.6 Deploy Phase

38

1.3.7 Operate Phase

38

1.3.8 Monitor Phase

39

1.3.9 Guidelines for DevOps

40

1.4 History: The Evolution of DevOps

41

1.5 Myths and Misconceptions about DevOps

41

1.6 Who Needs DevOps?

43

1.7 DevOps Culture

45

1.8 Challenges in Implementing DevOps

47

1.8.1 Tools and Services

48

1.8.2 Culture Shift

49

1.8.3 Lack of Vision and Support from Top Management

50

1.8.4 Too Much Focus on Technologies

52

1.9 Summary

53

2 DevOps Tools

55

2.1 Code and Version Control Tools

55

2.1.1 Git

56

2.1.2 GitHub

59

2.2 Build Tools

60

2.2.1 Maven

61

2.2.2 Chef

63

2.2.3 Jenkins

64

2.3 Test Automation Tools

67

2.3.1 Selenium

68

2.3.2 JUnit

71

2.3.3 SonarQube

73

2.3.4 Jenkins

75

2.4 Deployment Tools

76

2.4.1 Docker

77

2.4.2 Kubernetes

83

2.4.3 Jenkins

85

2.4.4 GitLab

85

2.4.5 Chef

87

2.5 Monitoring Tools

88

2.5.1 Dynatrace

88

2.5.2 Grafana

89

2.5.3 Splunk

91

2.6 SAP’s DevOps Portfolio

92

2.6.1 DevOps Tools Offered in SAP S/4HANA

92

2.6.2 DevOps Tools Offered in SAP Business Technology Platform

94

2.7 Summary

96

3 DevOps for On-Premise SAP Systems

97

3.1 Introduction to DevOps in SAP S/4HANA

97

3.1.1 DevOps Features in SAP S/4HANA

98

3.1.2 Evolution of Change and Transport System

100

3.2 abapGit

104

3.2.1 Introduction

104

3.2.2 Installation

105

3.2.3 Configuration

109

3.2.4 Implementation of a Sample Project

115

3.2.5 Development Guidelines and Best Practices

116

3.3 Change and Transport System

121

3.3.1 Introduction

121

3.3.2 Configuration

125

3.3.3 Implementation of a Sample Project

130

3.4 Enhanced Change and Transport System

130

3.4.1 Introduction

131

3.4.2 Configuration

131

3.4.3 Implementation of a Sample Project

133

3.4.4 Integration with SAP Solution Manager

134

3.5 Central Change and Transport System

134

3.5.1 Introduction

134

3.5.2 Configuration

136

3.5.3 Implementation of a Sample Project

137

3.5.4 Integration with SAP Solution Manager

139

3.6 Continuous Integration for ABAP On-Premise with Git-Enabled CTS

139

3.6.1 Introduction

139

3.6.2 Configuration

140

3.6.3 Setup and Implementation

141

3.6.4 GitHub Repository Creation

141

3.6.5 Authentication in gCTS

141

3.6.6 Integration with ABAP Workbench

142

3.6.7 Integration with Change Request Management

142

3.7 SAP HANA Transport for ABAP

143

3.8 Continuous Testing in ABAP

145

3.8.1 Introduction

145

3.8.2 Unit Testing with GitHub Actions

149

3.8.3 SAP Solution Manager Test Suite and Focused Build for Testing

151

3.9 ABAP Continuous Integration and Delivery Pipeline

153

3.9.1 SAP Continuous Integration and Delivery

153

3.9.2 SAP Solution Manager

154

3.9.3 Project “Piper”

154

3.9.4 ABAP Development Tools for Eclipse

158

3.9.5 Third-Party Tools

158

3.10 End-to-End DevOps Scenario for SAP S/4HANA

158

3.10.1 Planning Phase

159

3.10.2 Develop, Build, and Test Phases

160

3.10.3 Release and Deploy Phases

161

3.10.4 Operate and Monitor Phases

161

3.11 Summary

162

4 DevOps with SAP Business Technology Platform

163

4.1 SAP BTP DevOps Portfolio

163

4.2 Services for the Planning Phase

166

4.2.1 SAP BTP Landscape Setup

167

4.2.2 Best Practices and Guidelines for Planning Phase

169

4.2.3 Continuous Integration and Delivery in SAP BTP

170

4.2.4 Configure and Run a CI/CD Pipeline for an SAP Fiori Project

175

4.2.5 Configure and Run a CI/CD Pipeline for an SAP Cloud Application Programming Model Project

189

4.2.6 Configure and Run a CI/CD Pipeline Using Project “Piper”

193

4.2.7 Choosing the Right CI/CD Solution from SAP

195

4.3 Services for the Develop, Build, and Test Phases

196

4.3.1 SAP BTP Development Environment and Programming Models

197

4.3.2 SAP Business Application Studio

198

4.3.3 SAP Cloud Application Programming Model

204

4.3.4 Multitarget Application

206

4.3.5 SAP Cloud SDK

209

4.4 Services for the Release and Deploy Phases

210

4.4.1 Continuous Delivery

210

4.4.2 SAP Cloud Transport Management

211

4.5 Services for the Operate and Monitor Phases

217

4.5.1 SAP Alert Notification Service for SAP BTP

218

4.5.2 SAP Automation Pilot

219

4.6 An End-to-End DevOps Scenario for Cloud Landscapes with SAP BTP

221

4.6.1 Planning Phase

221

4.6.2 Develop, Build, and Test Phases

223

4.6.3 Release and Deploy Phases

224

4.6.4 Operate and Monitor Phases

224

4.7 Summary

224

5 DevOps for SAP BTP, ABAP Environment

225

5.1 Introduction to SAP BTP, ABAP Environment

226

5.1.1 What Is SAP BTP, ABAP Environment?

226

5.1.2 Evolution of ABAP

228

5.1.3 Need for ABAP Environment in SAP BTP

229

5.1.4 Benefits of ABAP Environment in SAP BTP

230

5.2 Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery Tools in SAP BTP, ABAP Environment

230

5.2.1 Git Code Management

231

5.2.2 APIs

232

5.2.3 ABAP Environment Pipeline

232

5.2.4 Jenkins and Project “Piper”

237

5.3 Developing Applications with SAP Business Application Studio

243

5.3.1 ABAP RESTful Application Programming Model

243

5.3.2 ABAP Development Tools for ABAP Environment

246

5.3.3 SAP Business Application Studio

247

5.4 SAP Cloud ALM for Test Management

253

5.4.1 Product Overview

253

5.4.2 Test Management Feature of SAP Cloud ALM

254

5.5 SAP Cloud Transport Management for SAP BTP, ABAP Environment

261

5.5.1 Configuration for Transport Export

261

5.5.2 Configuration for Transport Import

263

5.6 Summary

263

6 DevOps for Hybrid SAP Systems

265

6.1 Introduction to Hybrid Change Management

265

6.1.1 Intelligent Enterprise with SAP

266

6.1.2 Hybrid SAP Systems

267

6.1.3 Hybrid Change Management

270

6.2 Available Tools and Their Purposes

272

6.2.1 Continuous Integration and Delivery

273

6.2.2 Project “Piper”

275

6.2.3 SAP Cloud Transport Management

277

6.2.4 Enhanced Change and Transport System

278

6.2.5 Application Lifecycle Management

278

6.3 Tool Integration with Change Management in Hybrid Scenarios

284

6.3.1 SAP Cloud Transport Management with CTS+ and SAP Solution Manager

284

6.3.2 SAP Cloud ALM with External Incident Systems

290

6.4 Continuous Development

292

6.4.1 Development

293

6.4.2 Test Management

293

6.4.3 Release Management

295

6.5 Operation Monitoring with SAP Solution Manager

296

6.5.1 Integration Monitoring

296

6.5.2 Job Management

297

6.5.3 Exception Management

298

6.5.4 Data Consistency Management

299

6.5.5 Business Process Monitoring

300

6.5.6 User Experience Monitoring

302

6.6 DevOps for SAP Data Intelligence

302

6.6.1 Solution Overview

303

6.6.2 Continuous Integration and Deployment

303

6.6.3 Internal Transportation

307

6.6.4 Monitoring

308

6.7 An End-to-End DevOps Scenario for a Hybrid Landscape

308

6.7.1 Planning Phase

309

6.7.2 Develop, Build, and Test Phases

309

6.7.3 Release and Deploy Phases

310

6.7.4 Operate and Monitor Phases

310

6.8 Summary

311

7 Best Practices

313

7.1 Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery

313

7.1.1 Continuous Integration

314

7.1.2 Continuous Delivery

319

7.2 Microservices

324

7.3 Infrastructure as Code

326

7.4 Monitoring and Logging

327

7.5 Communication and Collaboration

328

7.6 Fail Fast

329

7.7 Summary

330

8 Security

333

8.1 Common Security Tools and Concepts

333

8.2 Secure Code Analytics

335

8.2.1 Manual Secure Code Analytic Techniques

336

8.2.2 ABAP-Related Scans

339

8.2.3 Java-Related Scans

344

8.2.4 SAP Fiori-Related Scans

353

8.3 Automated Security Testing

360

8.4 Security Vulnerability Monitoring

361

8.4.1 Vulnerability Scanning

362

8.4.2 Continuous Monitoring

363

8.4.3 Best Practices

364

8.5 Implementation

365

8.6 Summary

366

9 Outlook

367

9.1 Emerging DevOps Technologies

367

9.1.1 SAP Build

368

9.1.2 Code Inspector

369

9.1.3 SAP Focused Run

369

9.1.4 Cloud Native Technologies

369

9.2 DevOps for SAP BTP, Kyma Runtime

371

9.3 Future Directions of DevOps in SAP

372

9.3.1 Artificial Intelligence for IT Operations

372

9.3.2 No Operations

372

9.3.3 GitOps

373

9.3.4 DevSecOps

373

9.3.5 Low-Code/No-Code

374

9.3.6 Role of Cloud Adoption in DevOps

374

9.4 The First Steps in Your DevOps Journey

374

9.5 How to Stay Up to Date

376

9.6 Summary

378